Friday, February 14, 2020
The elements of a conflict of the Soviet-Afghan war Research Paper
The elements of a conflict of the Soviet-Afghan war - Research Paper Example All types of conflicts, be they political, economical, social or ethical, have stemmed because of the occurrence of the war itself. It would be imperative, therefore, to study the causes of the war so that the basis of the conflicts can be analyzed. The Soviet occupation of the Afghan territory had a myriad of reason, including political as well as economic factors. It started with the Soviet interest in the natural mineral deposits of Afghanistan, including the huge stores of natural gas that were discovered not long before the occupation (Assifi, 1982/83). There were also hopes of finding other minerals like coal, iron, and oil (Assifi, 1982/83). Afghanistan, although a land-locked country, holds a key position geopolitically due to its placement on the map (Assifi, 1982/83). The Soviets could make their way to the Indian Ocean, and into the neighboring territories, such as Pakistan, which many believe to be next on the Sovietââ¬â¢s war list (National Review, 1987). To make matt ers easier, the Soviets had, two years prior to the official occupation, installed a pro-communist regime in the Afghan government (Assifi, 1982/83). The major players of the war were of course the USSR and the Democratic Republic of Afghanistan (Assifi, 1982/83). USSR, a communist force rising in the world against the capitalist Western giants like the United States posed a serious threat to the Western world (National Review, 1987). ... ly made their way into their homeland owing to the cooperation of the pro-communist regime installed in the country a couple of years back (Assifi, 1982/83). The population itself was divided into different sects and groups, which made the freedom fight slightly ineffective (Lamothe, 2004). The major parties that influenced the war were the Jamiat-i-Islami, Hizb-i-Islami, Mujahideen, and the Taliban (Lamothe, 2004). Individuals such as Ahmad Shah Massoud (Lamothe, 2004) also played pivotal role in the Afghan resistance against the Soviet invasion. Apart from the key players of the war, several countries took part in the resistance against the invasion although not directly becoming a part of the war. Such states are said to play a supportive role in the conflict. Pakistan was one of major supporters of the freedom fighters (Chapman, 1982). It couldnââ¬â¢t help getting involved in the war, though, given its geographical closeness to the Afghan territory. Also, it was believed that it was the next target of the Soviets (National Review, 1987), who had apparently greater aims than just occupying Afghanistan. Therefore, Pakistan fought the invasion politically and with manpower. It provided a constant supply of trained soldiers, called Mujahideen, to the Afghan freedom fighters, most of whom were Pashtun and of Afghan nationality (Lamothe, 2004). These soldiers were trained in military and religious camps all along the border of the two countries, and a huge fraction of these camps were funded by the United States government (Chapman, 1982). Pakistan, suddenly, was very prominent on the world map due to its geopolitical role in the conflict (Assifi, 1982/83). It also provided health care facilities to the wounded soldiers, both on the battlefield and on its own land among
Sunday, February 2, 2020
AMERICAN LITERATURE Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words
AMERICAN LITERATURE - Essay Example For this, he makes 2 rhetorical parallels: one is between some of his listeners and the wicked Israelites, and the other is between them and the narrator. The first one clarifies the Biblical metaphor of a sliding foot, that is, a state of being constantly exposed to Godââ¬â¢s anger and protected only by His ââ¬Å"meer Pleasureâ⬠(Edwards and Smolinski 5). The second one is a widely used public speaking technique: the indirect speech from the part of those people whom a speaker wants to influence. Edwards describes the arguments of the unconverted people the following way: Almost every natural Man that hears of Hell, flatters himself that he shall escape it; he depends upon himself for his own Securityâ⬠¦ every one lays out Matters in his own Mind how he shall avoid Damnation, and flatters himself that he contrives well for himself, and that his Schemes wonââ¬â¢t fail. (Edwards and Smolinski 9-10) This way, the speaker identifies with the unconverted listeners or even with all of his listeners, even the converted ones, who behave not piously enough. The identification is negative: those who ââ¬Å"are out of Christâ⬠(Edwards and Smolinski 12) are the protagonist of this narrative, and their function as a protagonist is not to be a positive example but rather to show how awful are the consequences of the absence of certain positive actions. This type of texts is widely used in Biblical narratives (Bratcher). As for the antagonist in the plot, there is a controversy that does not permit to state plainly that this is God. As Bratcher points out, God is always present in Biblical narratives as the central character. In this story, God is impersonated and shown in action: infuriated, He is holding sinners over the pit of flames. Still, this does not mean that God is seen as an equal part on the literary playground of Edwardsââ¬â¢ text. He is an objective power beyond human rich, the power that has unquestioned influence on the world around a nd has a superior capability of self-control (as God in this sermon keeps from wreaking His wrath). This status of the figure of God is in line with Enlightenment deism: for the thinkers like Samuel Clarke, John Toland, Anthony Collins, and even John Locke, Godââ¬â¢s power and will is prior to ethic systems; hence, this is Him who dictates the right behavior (Bristow). From this ethical perspective, the antagonist of unconverted human beings in ââ¬Å"Sinners in the Hands of an Angry Godâ⬠is their own liability to ââ¬Å"fall by themselvesâ⬠(Edwards and Smolinski 4), their ââ¬Å"Wickednessâ⬠(Edwards and Smolinski 7). This situation is close to inescapable, as human beings are seen as naturally inclined to wickedness. They have responsibilities, while God is not responsible for anything (Edwards and Smolinski 9). The only way to influence this terrible condition, that is, to become a part of agreement with God (thereby attaining at least some promises from Him) is to accept the existence of Christ as an embodiment of ââ¬Å"the Promises of the Covenant of Graceâ⬠(Edwards and Smolinski 11). ââ¬Å"Sinners in the Hands of an Angry Godâ⬠is also a refined argument; alongside the powerful metaphoric pattern, it has a list of reasons that have to prove that non-Christians really have no alternative. Two Enlightenment trends of the sermon have already been mentioned. One is its deism: for Edwards, conversion to Christianity is a natural act, the one that is justified by the world order. He frequently uses
Friday, January 24, 2020
Lord Of The Flies Vs. Huck Fin :: essays research papers
Responsibility à à à à à In todayââ¬â¢s society, human beings must learn to take care of something or someone,and that is a responsibility that they must uphold. In both the Lord of the Flies, and The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, the responsibility of the boys is to manage by themselves without any adults to take care of them. The events in William Goldingââ¬â¢s book Lord of the Flies can be easily compared to those of Mark Twainââ¬â¢s book, The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, because the main characters both have major responsibilities. There are two responsibilities that the characters came in contact with, taking care of people,including themselves, and being responsible enough to do the right thing. Thus, responsibility helps individuals to evolve and mature. à à à à à Taking care of yourself, as well as others is an enormous responsibility. In both books, the main characters must take care of themselves because they do not know who they can trust. The boys in the Lord of the Flies basically have to live their own lives, for they are on an island with no one to run to except themselves, or some of the other boys that they trust. Although, the ones they trust are already fending for themselves. The characters all go through changes as they adjust to their new world, and become different people because of it. In example to this, Jack seems like a strong willed character at the start of the book, but the other boys never would have imagined he would turn into a cold blooded killer. Therefore, they must learn to take care of themselves for they can not depend on Jack or any of the older boys, to be there for each and every one of them. It is proven that each boy has this responsibility in the following quote; à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à ââ¬Å"Merridew turned to Ralph. ââ¬ËArenââ¬â¢t there any grown-ups?ââ¬â¢ ââ¬ËNo.ââ¬â¢ à à à à à à à à à à Merridew sat down on a trunk and looked round the circle. ââ¬ËThen à à à à à à à à à à weââ¬â¢ll have to look after ourselves.ââ¬â¢Ã¢â¬ (Golding 17) à à à à à This is an immense responsibility for the boys, because they never had to live on their own before they arrived on the island. In The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, both Jim, the runaway nigger, and Huck choose the responsibility of taking care of themselves. This is because they both run away from the lives they had been living. à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à ââ¬Å"But looky here, Huck, who wuz it dat ââ¬Ëuz killed in dat shanty à à à à à à à à à à ef it warnââ¬â¢t you?
Thursday, January 16, 2020
Reseach Workoholics Essay
Is a 40-hour work week too much? Should there be a mandatory cap on the number of hours a person can work? Should there be changes in employment laws to give Americans more relaxation time? A workaholic definition is a noun a person who compulsively works hard and long hours. But the definition in a workaholics eyes is a person who ââ¬Å"values work over any other activityâ⬠, according to careercast.com. Merriam-webster.com says itââ¬â¢s a ââ¬Å"compulsive workerâ⬠â⬠¦ (Productivity) The reasons for someone to become a workaholic are some people donââ¬â¢t feel their lives are fulfilled unless theyââ¬â¢re engaged in constructive activities. The more they work, the happier they are. Itââ¬â¢s addictive. Where in the world can they be productive and reap the rewards of their labor but at their job? Workaholics canââ¬â¢t be idle. They need to be constantly working. Proving their value Children who were raised in dysfunctional families, or by perfectionist parents, and were made to feel like their best was never good enough can grow up to be workaholics. Spending their adult lives immersed in their work is a way for them to constantly prove themselves and their worth. Escaping problems and negative feelings another reason why people become workaholics is because they lack a sense of control in their lives. They have problems at home they canââ¬â¢t fix, or they donââ¬â¢t want to deal with, for example. Being at work all the time allows them to escape painful, negative feelings. It also gives them a sense of control they canââ¬â¢t find otherwise. Adrenaline rush working non-stop provides an adrenaline rush to some people. Being extremely busy, rushing to meet unrealistic goals, and pushing themselves beyond their limits gives them that intense feeling they crave. That same adrenaline rush- the increased heart rate, the burst of energy, the heightening of their senses- comes from roller coaster rides and other thrilling activities. In 1965, a U.S. Senate subcommittee predicted that as a result of increasing labor productivity from automation and ââ¬Å"cybernationâ⬠in other words, the computer revolution. Americans would be working only about 20 hours a week by the year 2000, while taking seven weeks or more of vacation a year. By the mid-1970s, and especially after 1980, median wages werenââ¬â¢t keeping pace with increases in our capacity to produce. But flattening incomes didnââ¬â¢t derail the consumption train. Americans continued to buy more, in part by going deeper into debt, by having more members of the family enter the workforce and by working additional overtime. By the boom times of the late 1990s, Americans worked more than the notoriously workaholic Japanese. To answer the question of limiting the number of hours you can work I think we would have a happier and healthier society if we worked a little less. As of right now, some jobs require a lot of time and energy. Legalizing mandating the number of hours worked is an interesting idea. It would see a drop in stress levels, more family time and participation and healthier workers. This probably wouldnââ¬â¢t make too many people happy at first, though, and it would take some getting used to. It is a way to raise healthier families and having less levels of stress that are exhibited in really tough jobs, like ER doctors and nurses, and other highly stressful occupations. American work-life balance according to the Center for American Progress on the topic of work and family life balance, ââ¬Å"in 1960, only 20 percent of mothers worked. Today, 70 percent of American children live in households where all adults are employed.â⬠I donââ¬â¢t care who stays home and who works in terms of gender (work opportunity equality for all ââ¬â itââ¬â¢s a family choice). Either way, when all adults are working (single or with a partner), thatââ¬â¢s a huge hit to the American family and free-time in the American household. The U.S. is the ONLY country in the Americas without a national paid parental leave benefit. The average is over 12 weeks of paid leave anywhere other than Europe and over 20 weeks in Europe. Zero industrialized nations are without a mandatory option for new parents to take parental leave. That is, except for the United States. Letââ¬â¢s say someone make $60k/year. Excluding benefits, employee taxes, etc., letââ¬â¢s consider this equivalent to $30/hour. ($30/hour x 40 hours x 50 weeks = $60k). Now they want to figure out the hourly number that he/she use to decide if itââ¬â¢s worth it to do something. For example, if he/she owe a fine on something he/she donââ¬â¢t think they should owe, but itââ¬â¢s only a $5 fine, itââ¬â¢s not worth spending an hour ($30) to contest it. BUT, itââ¬â¢s not clear to me if he/she should use $30/hour for this number, because Iââ¬â¢m only working 8 hours/day. Like, if someone is willing to pay me for 40 hours/week at $30/hour, presumably he/she could get one or two more such jobs. Or should she/he divide that by 3 to get $10/hour because really for every 24 hours, theyââ¬â¢re only ââ¬Å"ableâ⬠to earn $30/hour for a third of them? Because some of these activities he/she would be doing in my off-hours (e.g., theyââ¬â¢d have to dispute that fine after work). Or is it something in between?
Wednesday, January 8, 2020
Essay about Case Study - 1128 Words
ISyE 6203 Transportation and Supply Chain` Systems Spring 2013 Case Study: Arc Routing The Bridges of Konigsberg 1) Was there ever a date at which an Eulerian walk over the steel bridges of Konigsberg were possible, without using any wooden bridges? If so, when? If not, show that it was never possible. For a Eulerian walk to be possible two conditions must hold a) The undirected graph must be connected b) Each node must be of even degree. Name of the bridge | Date built | Honey Bridge (7) | 1879-1882 | Slaughter Bridge (3) | 1886 | Blacksmithââ¬â¢s Bridge (4) | 1896 | Salesman Bridge (1) | 1900 | Timber Bridge (5) | 1904 | Emperorââ¬â¢s bridge (8) | 1905 | Green Bridge (2) | 1907 | High Bridge (6) | 1937 |â⬠¦show more contentâ⬠¦2) What idealized arc routing problems have been used for roadway snow and ice control? Idealized models treat RSIC problems as a variant of a) Chinese Postman Problem b) Rural postman problem c) Capacitated Arc Routing Problem d) Sometimes node routing problem instead of arc routing problem 3) What reasons are given for the problems encountered when attempting to implement routing software for roadway snow and ice control? Inability to consider all the nuances of real world operations. Poor implementation and user unfriendly software, distrust of computer based (black box) approaches by public work personnel, unappreciated operational complexities. 4) What beneï ¬ ts were contributed by early roadway snow and ice control software? They focussed attention on savings from better routes. They recogonized the importance of savings from using a rational and analytical approach to fleet size and service level. For eg., the SnowMaster system provided a major advance in the trend towards optimization by encouraging user involvement in route design. 5) Explain the relationship between the duration of a route and the service level provided to the road segments on the route. Service level is the time limit for traversing a route. Trucks usually travel at 20 mph while servicing and 40 mph while deadheading. So, it might not be possible to satisfy a route which is very long. The service level canShow MoreRelatedCase Studies : A Case Study Approach Essay1157 Words à |à 5 PagesA case study is a specific instance that is frequently designed to illustrate a more general principle (Nisbet and Watt, 1984). Hitchock and Hughes (1995) further suggest that the case study approach is particularly valuable when the researcher has little control over evens. Case studies strives to portray ââ¬Ëwhat it likeââ¬â¢ to be a particular situation, to catch up reality and ââ¬Ëthick descriptionââ¬â¢ (Geertz, 1973) of participantsââ¬â¢ lives experiences of, thoughts about and feelings for a situation. TheyRead MoreCase Study887 Words à |à 4 PagesCHAPTER I INTRODUCTION 1.1 Reasons choose the case 1.2 The Problems The problems of this case are: 1. How would you characterize Lincoln Electricââ¬â¢s strategy? In this context, what is the nature of Lincolnââ¬â¢s business and upon what bases does this company compete? 2. What are the most important elements of Lincolnââ¬â¢s overall approach to organization and control that help explain why this company is so successful? 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The theories that would be relevant to the problems with Simon Lucasââ¬â¢ motivation would be the McClellandââ¬â¢s Need Theory and Herzbergââ¬â¢s Two-Factor Theory.Read MoreCase Study Essay1116 Words à |à 5 PagesCase Study Objective The Case will focus on issues related to the cultural aspect of international business; sustainable business practices including CSR issues; foreign investment; and the benefits of regional integration for the countries within, and companies doing business in, that region.à The case study analysis will be completed on an individual basis. Instructions THE CASE: Kaizer Consulting Kaizer Consulting is an international management consulting firm that specializes in business strategy
Tuesday, December 31, 2019
Compare and Contrast Women at Home in Ww1 and Ww2
Compare and contrast the role of women at home during World War I and World War II. Before World War I and World War II, women at home had the roles of maintaining duties for their family and children, such as cleaning, caring for the house, and cooking for the family. They were more likely judged by their exquisiteness rather than their ability. Just before World War I began, women were beginning to break away from the traditional roles they had played at home. Throughout both World Wars, women in the United States faced similar challenges, however, during the Second World War; women were trusted with much more freedom and responsibility than they had in the First World War. In comparison, the first and second World Warsâ⬠¦show more contentâ⬠¦At the time of World War one, the Young Women Christian Association (YWCA), Patriotic League, and the Red Cross organizations were made to help the war efforts. The Red Cross for example, allowed women to work and help the war effort as nurses. As women were not seen to work in higher praised jobs that only men could do, they proved themselves to be as skilled if not more during World War one. Women worked in industries and their development was drastically spoken about in newspapers and articles. There successes and skilled efforts was commended and was beginning to change the minds of men who thought women were incapable. Women, during World War one, replaced men in skillful jobs such as railroad workers, and other machine operators. During the beginning of World War one, women were seen as incapable of holding professional jobs that men took. However, demonstrating their efforts in factories and hel ping the war effort showed the capability of women to work in any job that was traditionally for women. Throughout World War one, women gained the positions of being doctors, lawyers, and bankers. These job opportunities during World War one gave women a chance to show the male-dominated society that they were proficient and were able to more than staying at home and raising their children. Throughout World War one, women had played a vital role in helping the war and its soldiers. Women also played a key role in helping the
Monday, December 23, 2019
The Life And Works Of Sigmund Freud Essay - 1679 Words
The life and works of Sigmund Freud Introduction Sigmund, an Austrian national, was born in Moravia hamlet of Freiberg, Germany on May 06, 1856 and died in London, England on September23, 1939. He was born in the era of ââ¬Å"logic and reasonâ⬠(Love and the formations of family) when sciences was all that mattered and rational analysis was perceived as being the answer to all ââ¬Å"mysteriesâ⬠(Love and the formation of family). At the age of three his family relocated to Austria where he lived until the last year of his life (World of health, 2007). He was admitted into the medical school at the age of 17 where he conducted a lot of research works. Even though his major interest was in researches on physiology, he was made to conduct some clinical practice because of the ââ¬Å"difficulty of obtaining a university appointmentââ¬âaggravated, in his case, by anti-Semitic attitudes and policies.â⬠(Lerner et al, 2006) Freud conducted a lot of independent research and clinical workâ⬠and had his own practi ce where his area of specialty was treating patients with neurological and hysterical conditions (Lerner et al 2006). Freudââ¬â¢s mentor and colleague, Josef Breuer, once had a cathartic treatment of ââ¬Å"hysterical symptoms,â⬠a condition that was observed to vanish when a patient reminiscences a traumatic incident when under hypnosis and was able to demonstrate the initial response that he had ââ¬Å"repressed and forgotten.â⬠Freud spent several months in France experimenting on this idea by studyingShow MoreRelatedEssay on Sigmund Freud: His Life And His Work2990 Words à |à 12 Pages Sigmund Freud was born on May 6th 1856 in Freiberg, Moravia, which is now in Czech Republic. He is the eldest of eight children born to Jacob and Amalie Freud. Because of the anti-semetic riots who were ragging in Freiberg , Freudââ¬â¢s father, who was a wool merchant, lost his business and the whole family had to move to Leipzig (1859) and shortly after to Vienna where Freud s pend most of his life. When he lived in Vienna, Freud had, once more, to come accross anti-semetism : jewish people had beenRead MoreSigmund Freud s Life Of Psychology And Psychoanalysis1330 Words à |à 6 PagesMy life is interesting only if is related to psychoanalysis said Sigmund Freud, a pioneer in the world of psychology and psychoanalysis (Sigmund Freud - Life and Work.). Freud had a passion for the mind. Not just the mind of the average man but also the minds of the sick and tortured souls. He built his life around knowledge and manipulation of others minds to give them peace and reach understanding. Though he has been condemned as a cult leader and a fraud, Sigmund Freud is undisputedly theRead MoreSigmund Freud s Theory Of Psychoanalysis1339 Words à |à 6 PagesSigmund Freud Biographic Description of Sigmund Freud Sigmund Freud was born on May 6, 1856 in Freiberg (currently known as Czech Republic). Freud is best known as the founder of psychoanalysis, which entails a scientific analysis of unpacking unconscious conflicts based on free associations, fantasies, and dreams of the patient. He was among the greatest psychologists of the 20th century, and his legacy lasts up to now. While young (4 years old), his family relocated to Vienna where he lived andRead MoreSigmund Freud Essay1721 Words à |à 7 Pagesââ¬Å"Man is a wolf to man.â⬠These are the words that surprised millions when Freud first opened the discussion of human nature (Freud). Sigmund Freud, born in 1856 and died in 1939, was known to be the father of psychoanalysis (Jones). He lived his whole life trying to reach into the human unconsciousness and unravel the puzzle of life, human personality, and human nature (Chiriac). Sigmund Freud was influenced by the environment post World War I, and influenced the world through his theories and hisRead MoreMoore 1. Kristen Moore. Mrs. Kristy French. English Iii1443 Words à |à 6 Pagescentury psychologist named Sigmund Freud. Freud published a myriad of theories regarding the human mind and its inner workings, which have since fallen from practice. A great majority of his theories have been disproven and rendered useless, though his name is one that is immediately recognized upon mention and he is one of the first figures that psychology majors study. If Freud has fallen from practice, however, why are his theories still studied at all? Although Sigmund Freudââ¬â¢s practices and theoriesRead MoreEssay about Sigmund Frueds Psychology1339 Words à |à 6 PagesSigmund Freud was born in 1856 in Frieber, Moravia; his father was a wool merchant and his mother was twenty years younger than his father. Freud had two step brothers which were around the same age as his mother; one stepbrother had a son who became Freudââ¬â¢s playmate growing up (Sigmund). Around the age of four, Freud and his family moved to Vienna where he stayed for a majority of his life. (Boeree) When Freudââ¬â¢s family moved to Vienna, they lived in an area that was highly populated with JewsRead MoreSigmund Freud. Briana Gates. Mr. Wiles. Psyc 43101-01:1611 Words à |à 7 Pages Sigmund Freud Briana Gates Mr. Wiles PSYC 43101-01: History and Systems of Psychology February 25, 2017 On May 6, 1856, a baby by the name of Sigmund Freud was born, in a what is now known as the Czech Republic (Schultz Schultz, 2012). After moving around a bit, Freud eventually settled in Vienna, and spent most his life there. It is without question that Sigmund Freud is a well-known name, and that he can be considered the father of what is known as psychoanalysis, seeing as how heRead MoreFreud and Jungs Father/Son Relationship835 Words à |à 4 PagesFreudJung Introduction The relationship between Carl Jung and Sigmund Freud began in 1906 when Jung sent Freud a signed copy of his published studies. Unknown to Jung, Freud had already purchased his own copy of the book after hearing how favorably his name figured into the writings. Six months later, Freud sent a collection of his latest published essays to Jung in Zà ¼rich.(The Well-Documented Friendship of Carl Jung Sigmund Freud, 2014,p.1) When the two were finally able to meetRead More Sigmund Freuds Influence upon Salvador Dali Essay1591 Words à |à 7 Pagesinventors, and scientists were reveling on new ways of experiencing life. The shadows of the past and the dawn of the new era opened the minds of many who relished constant change. Science and medicine were evolving, and one man in particular sought to expand knowledge and understanding. Sigmund Freud, the most renowned, thought provoking psychologist to have ever lived, opened an exciting chapter in the study of the mind. Without a doubt, Freud had influenced, and inspired artists searching for somethingRead MoreFreud And The Czech Republic1159 Words à |à 5 PagesFreud was born in the Czech Republic on May 6th, 1856. At a young age his family moved to Vienna, in which, he spent most of his life there. He received his medical degree in 1881 from the University of Vienna and married in the following year. He had six children and his youngest, Anna Freud, had d ecided to become like her father. In which she continued and explored his work until her death in 1982. Freud had set up a private practice and treated people with a wide verity of psychological disorders
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