Compare and Contrast Women at Home in Ww1 and Ww2

Compare and contrast the role of women at home during World War I and World War II. Before World War I and World War II, women at home had the roles of maintaining duties for their family and children, such as cleaning, caring for the house, and cooking for the family. They were more likely judged by their exquisiteness rather than their ability. Just before World War I began, women were beginning to break away from the traditional roles they had played at home. Throughout both World Wars, women in the United States faced similar challenges, however, during the Second World War; women were trusted with much more freedom and responsibility than they had in the First World War. In comparison, the first and second World Wars†¦show more content†¦At the time of World War one, the Young Women Christian Association (YWCA), Patriotic League, and the Red Cross organizations were made to help the war efforts. The Red Cross for example, allowed women to work and help the war effort as nurses. As women were not seen to work in higher praised jobs that only men could do, they proved themselves to be as skilled if not more during World War one. Women worked in industries and their development was drastically spoken about in newspapers and articles. There successes and skilled efforts was commended and was beginning to change the minds of men who thought women were incapable. Women, during World War one, replaced men in skillful jobs such as railroad workers, and other machine operators. During the beginning of World War one, women were seen as incapable of holding professional jobs that men took. However, demonstrating their efforts in factories and hel ping the war effort showed the capability of women to work in any job that was traditionally for women. Throughout World War one, women gained the positions of being doctors, lawyers, and bankers. These job opportunities during World War one gave women a chance to show the male-dominated society that they were proficient and were able to more than staying at home and raising their children. Throughout World War one, women had played a vital role in helping the war and its soldiers. Women also played a key role in helping the

The Life And Works Of Sigmund Freud Essay - 1679 Words

The life and works of Sigmund Freud Introduction Sigmund, an Austrian national, was born in Moravia hamlet of Freiberg, Germany on May 06, 1856 and died in London, England on September23, 1939. He was born in the era of â€Å"logic and reason† (Love and the formations of family) when sciences was all that mattered and rational analysis was perceived as being the answer to all â€Å"mysteries† (Love and the formation of family). At the age of three his family relocated to Austria where he lived until the last year of his life (World of health, 2007). He was admitted into the medical school at the age of 17 where he conducted a lot of research works. Even though his major interest was in researches on physiology, he was made to conduct some clinical practice because of the â€Å"difficulty of obtaining a university appointment—aggravated, in his case, by anti-Semitic attitudes and policies.† (Lerner et al, 2006) Freud conducted a lot of independent research and clinical work† and had his own practi ce where his area of specialty was treating patients with neurological and hysterical conditions (Lerner et al 2006). Freud’s mentor and colleague, Josef Breuer, once had a cathartic treatment of â€Å"hysterical symptoms,† a condition that was observed to vanish when a patient reminiscences a traumatic incident when under hypnosis and was able to demonstrate the initial response that he had â€Å"repressed and forgotten.† Freud spent several months in France experimenting on this idea by studyingShow MoreRelatedEssay on Sigmund Freud: His Life And His Work2990 Words   |  12 Pages Sigmund Freud was born on May 6th 1856 in Freiberg, Moravia, which is now in Czech Republic. He is the eldest of eight children born to Jacob and Amalie Freud. Because of the anti-semetic riots who were ragging in Freiberg , Freud’s father, who was a wool merchant, lost his business and the whole family had to move to Leipzig (1859) and shortly after to Vienna where Freud s pend most of his life. When he lived in Vienna, Freud had, once more, to come accross anti-semetism : jewish people had beenRead MoreSigmund Freud s Life Of Psychology And Psychoanalysis1330 Words   |  6 PagesMy life is interesting only if is related to psychoanalysis said Sigmund Freud, a pioneer in the world of psychology and psychoanalysis (Sigmund Freud - Life and Work.). Freud had a passion for the mind. Not just the mind of the average man but also the minds of the sick and tortured souls. He built his life around knowledge and manipulation of others minds to give them peace and reach understanding. Though he has been condemned as a cult leader and a fraud, Sigmund Freud is undisputedly theRead MoreSigmund Freud s Theory Of Psychoanalysis1339 Words   |  6 PagesSigmund Freud Biographic Description of Sigmund Freud Sigmund Freud was born on May 6, 1856 in Freiberg (currently known as Czech Republic). Freud is best known as the founder of psychoanalysis, which entails a scientific analysis of unpacking unconscious conflicts based on free associations, fantasies, and dreams of the patient. He was among the greatest psychologists of the 20th century, and his legacy lasts up to now. While young (4 years old), his family relocated to Vienna where he lived andRead MoreSigmund Freud Essay1721 Words   |  7 Pagesâ€Å"Man is a wolf to man.† These are the words that surprised millions when Freud first opened the discussion of human nature (Freud). Sigmund Freud, born in 1856 and died in 1939, was known to be the father of psychoanalysis (Jones). He lived his whole life trying to reach into the human unconsciousness and unravel the puzzle of life, human personality, and human nature (Chiriac). Sigmund Freud was influenced by the environment post World War I, and influenced the world through his theories and hisRead MoreMoore 1. Kristen Moore. Mrs. Kristy French. English Iii1443 Words   |  6 Pagescentury psychologist named Sigmund Freud. Freud published a myriad of theories regarding the human mind and its inner workings, which have since fallen from practice. A great majority of his theories have been disproven and rendered useless, though his name is one that is immediately recognized upon mention and he is one of the first figures that psychology majors study. If Freud has fallen from practice, however, why are his theories still studied at all? Although Sigmund Freud’s practices and theoriesRead MoreEssay about Sigmund Frueds Psychology1339 Words   |  6 PagesSigmund Freud was born in 1856 in Frieber, Moravia; his father was a wool merchant and his mother was twenty years younger than his father. Freud had two step brothers which were around the same age as his mother; one stepbrother had a son who became Freud’s playmate growing up (Sigmund). Around the age of four, Freud and his family moved to Vienna where he stayed for a majority of his life. (Boeree) When Freud’s family moved to Vienna, they lived in an area that was highly populated with JewsRead MoreSigmund Freud. Briana Gates. Mr. Wiles. Psyc 43101-01:1611 Words   |  7 Pages Sigmund Freud Briana Gates Mr. Wiles PSYC 43101-01: History and Systems of Psychology February 25, 2017 On May 6, 1856, a baby by the name of Sigmund Freud was born, in a what is now known as the Czech Republic (Schultz Schultz, 2012). After moving around a bit, Freud eventually settled in Vienna, and spent most his life there. It is without question that Sigmund Freud is a well-known name, and that he can be considered the father of what is known as psychoanalysis, seeing as how heRead MoreFreud and Jungs Father/Son Relationship835 Words   |  4 PagesFreudJung Introduction The relationship between Carl Jung and Sigmund Freud began in 1906 when Jung sent Freud a signed copy of his published studies. Unknown to Jung, Freud had already purchased his own copy of the book after hearing how favorably his name figured into the writings. Six months later, Freud sent a collection of his latest published essays to Jung in Zà ¼rich.(The Well-Documented Friendship of Carl Jung Sigmund Freud, 2014,p.1) When the two were finally able to meetRead More Sigmund Freuds Influence upon Salvador Dali Essay1591 Words   |  7 Pagesinventors, and scientists were reveling on new ways of experiencing life. The shadows of the past and the dawn of the new era opened the minds of many who relished constant change. Science and medicine were evolving, and one man in particular sought to expand knowledge and understanding. Sigmund Freud, the most renowned, thought provoking psychologist to have ever lived, opened an exciting chapter in the study of the mind. Without a doubt, Freud had influenced, and inspired artists searching for somethingRead MoreFreud And The Czech Republic1159 Words   |  5 PagesFreud was born in the Czech Republic on May 6th, 1856. At a young age his family moved to Vienna, in which, he spent most of his life there. He received his medical degree in 1881 from the University of Vienna and married in the following year. He had six children and his youngest, Anna Freud, had d ecided to become like her father. In which she continued and explored his work until her death in 1982. Freud had set up a private practice and treated people with a wide verity of psychological disorders

Week 5 Quizzes †Eco/Gm 561 Free Essays

Week 5 Quizzes ECO/GM 561 Your Results for: â€Å"Readiness Assessment Quiz†Print this page Site Title:Economics UOP custom CW Book Title:UOP-custom course for Economics Book Author:Case Summary of Results 100% Correct of 7 Scored items: 7 Correct: 100% 0 Incorrect: 0% More information about scoring ________________________________________ 1. GDP includes all transactions in which money or goods change hands. Your Answer:False ________________________________________ 2. We will write a custom essay sample on Week 5 Quizzes – Eco/Gm 561 or any similar topic only for you Order Now GDP is equal to the value of total sales in an economy. Your Answer:False _______________________________________ 3. I bought a record last year. I don’t like it any more and am going to sell it to my cousin for $2. This sale should be included in GDP. Your Answer:False ________________________________________ 4. Consumption, investment, government purchases, and net exports are the four components of total expenditures. Your Answer:True ________________________________________ 5. Households have all of their personal income to spend or save. Your Answer:False ________________________________________ 6. When economists calculate nominal GDP it means they are calculating GDP only approximately. Your Answer:False ________________________________________ 7. Per capital GDP is a country’s GDP divided by its population. Your Answer:True ________________________________________ Your Results for: â€Å"Readiness Assessment Quiz†Print this page Site Title:Economics UOP custom CW Book Title:UOP-custom course for Economics Summary of Results 100% Correct of 8 Scored items: 8 Correct: 100% 0 Incorrect: 0% More information about scoring ________________________________________ . The twin evils of macroeconomics are unemployment and inflation. Your Answer:True ________________________________________ 2. Recessions last six months. Anything longer is called a depression. Your Answer:False ________________________________________ 3. To be considered employed a person must be working for pay for at least 20 hours per week. Your Answer:False ________________________________________ 4. You need to be 14 years old to be considered part of the labor force. Your Answer:False ________________________________________ . A discouraged worker is not actually working. Your Answer:True ________________________________________ 6. People typically are unemployed for at least six months. Your Answer:False ________________________________________ 7. Recessions have a good side to them because they help reduce inflation. Your Answer:True ________________________________________ 8. The consumer price index is based on a bundle of goods and services purchased yearly by the typical urban consumer. Your Answer:False ________________________________________ How to cite Week 5 Quizzes – Eco/Gm 561, Papers

Extended Response Case Study-Free-Samples for Students-Myassignment

Question: Taking into account the role of the myelin sheath and the nodes of Ranvier, explain how APs are propagated along an axon, in a healthy subject, and how this is changed in MS. Answer: Nervous System The axons of neurons often are myelinated i.e. they are wrapped around by a sheath of myelin. Myelin is a protein-lipid complex, which is formed by Schwan Cells of in the Central Nervous System when they wrap their membrane around the axon, eventually locked together by a membrane protein, P0. Nodes of Ranvier are the portions of the axon that are not being enveloped by the myelin i.e. these about 1m periodic gaps of separated by 1mm are unmyelinated. Myelin acts as insulation to nerve impulse conduction. Nerve impulses are sent between neurons which is the only mode of communication for the nervous system. Electronic potentials that can produce propagated disturbances are called action potentials or nerve impulses. The nerve impulses are produced due to change in ionic conduction across the cell membrane of the neurons. The potential of nerve cells are found to be negative inside relative to outside; it is about -70mV. When the neuron is stimulated a series of potential changes occu r across its membrane and the stimulus thus propagates through the axon to another adjacent neuron. Depolarization increases the membrane potential to +35mV and again reverses and falls rapidly causing to reach the resting depolarized state. In unmyelinated nerve fibres local circuits of ion current are produced in the active regions of the neuron which is stimulated; the local circuit thus produced can depolarize the adjacent part of the membrane which continues in s sequential fashion (Arancibia-Carcamo Attwell, 2014). Conversely, in myelinated neurons ion exchange is allowed only at the Nodes of Ranvier and rest of the axon is insulated by myelin itself. This increases the speed of transmission of impulse through the axon. When an impulse reaches a Node of Ranvier it cannot flow through the high-resistance myelin sheath instead depolarizes the membrane at the next Node of Ranvier about 1mm away from it. Thus myelin increases the length constant i.e. the distance an ion travels before leaking out of the membrane by increasing the membrane resistance and thus resulting in insulation of the neuron. Further myelin decreases the capacitance of the membrane by separating the opposite charges across the two sides of the mem brane by a considerable distance. Thus in myelinated neurons impulse flows in a jumping fashion from one Node to the next which is termed as Saltatory Conduction. Multiple Sclerosis is an idiopathic, autoimmune, inflammatory disorder of the Central Nervous System that causes patchy destruction of the myelin sheath of the neurons. The destruction of the myelin sheath results in delayed or blocked conduction of impulses through the affected neurons leading to several neurodegenerative symptoms. Further the damage of myelin causes patches of scar tissues at various regions of the Brain and Spinal Cord and hence the name Multiple Sclerosis (Scleroses meaning scar tissue) (Dendrou, Fugger Friese, 2015). The impairment of nerve impulse conduction can affect physiological functions such as movement, speech or sight. Diagnosis at early stages of the disease prognosis is very difficult which causes delay in commencement of treatment. Endocrine System Metabolism is one of the most significant physiological processes necessary for the sustenance if life. Each and every cell of the human body undergoes various levels of metabolism to perform the fundamental bodily functions. Thyroid gland plays a key role in this context by regulating the level of metabolism in the cells required for the optimal functioning of the same. The hormones secreted by the thyroid gland are Thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T4), which primarily regulates the oxygen consumption of cells, lipid and carbohydrate metabolism, thermogenesis, growth and nervous system development. Thus they play a pivotal role in growth and maturity and deregulation of the hormone levels can lead to severe disorders. Hence, the hormone secretion is intensely regulated to maintain normal body functioning. Thyroid stimulating hormone or Thyrotropin secreted from the anterior pituitary regulates the secretion of the thyroid gland. It is a tropic hormone and secretion of Thyrotropi n in turn is regulated by Thyrotropin releasing hormone secreted from the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus. Circulating thyroid hormones have feedback effects at hypothalamic and pituitary levels thus completing the Hypothalamus pituitary thyroid axis to maintain optimum levels of both the thyroid hormones in circulating blood (Ortiga?Carvalho, Chiamolera, Pazos?Moura Wondisford, 2016). Increased secretion and hence occurrence of thyroid hormones in the circulating blood results in decreased secretion of Thyrotropin and Thyrotropin releasing hormone and the opposite occurs when thyroid hormones levels are low in circulating blood. Thyroid hormones levels are maintained at a very narrow range by the three glands, failure of any of them causes excess or too less production of thyroid hormones resulting in hyperthyroidism or hypothyroidism respectively. However, the state of normal functioning of the thyroid gland is known as euthyroidism. Hypothyroidism, generally called Myxedema in adults can be caused by a number of diseases of the thyroid gland or can be secondary effects of pituitary gland or hypothalamus dysfunction. In case of pituitary hypothyroidism and hypothalamic hypothyroidism the patient responds to a dose of Thyroid stimulating hormone or Thyroxin; but in can of thyroid gland dysfunction no response to Thyroxin is obtained (Pearce et al., 2013). Symptoms of hypothyroidism may include markedly decreased basal metabolic rate, coarse and sparse hair, dry and yellow skin and low tolerance of cold. Hyperthyroidism is more common in women than in men and is often caused by self-antibodies that stimulate the receptor for thyroid hormones. This results in non-functioning of thyroid hormone in spite of being present in the circulating blood. Both the thyroid hormone secretion are substantially increased and due to over activity of the thyroid gland, it gets enlarged leading to a condition called Goitre (Biondi et al., 2015). However, as thyroid hormone levels remain adequate in the circulating blood Thyroid stimulating hormone is maintained at a low level due to feedback inhibition of the same. Some of the significant symptoms of hyperthyroidism are weight loss, low tolerance of heat, increased blood pressure, and a markedly increase in the basal metabolic rate of the body. References Ortiga?Carvalho, T. M., Chiamolera, M. I., Pazos?Moura, C. C., Wondisford, F. E. (2016). Hypothalamus?Pituitary?Thyroid Axis.Comprehensive Physiology. Pearce, S. H., Brabant, G., Duntas, L. H., Monzani, F., Peeters, R. P., Razvi, S., Wemeau, J. L. (2013). 2013 ETA guideline: management of subclinical hypothyroidism.European thyroid journal,2(4), 215-228. Biondi, B., Bartalena, L., Cooper, D. S., Hegeds, L., Laurberg, P., Kahaly, G. J. (2015). The 2015 European Thyroid Association guidelines on diagnosis and treatment of endogenous subclinical hyperthyroidism.European thyroid journal,4(3), 149-163. Arancibia-Carcamo, I. L., Attwell, D. (2014). The node of Ranvier in CNS pathology.Acta neuropathologica,128(2), 161-175. Dendrou, C. A., Fugger, L., Friese, M. A. (2015). Immunopathology of multiple sclerosis.Nature reviews. Immunology,15(9), 545.

5 of the Best Social Share Plugins for WordPress

If you havent already added social buttons to your website, nows a good time to do it. And looking into some of the best social share plugins is a great start!Social media continues to show explosive growth, with 2.46 billion users in 2017. That figure is expected to reach 2.9 billion in 2020.(Charts by Visualizer Lite.)When it comes to boosting traffic to your website, nothing quite does the trick better than social media shares and likes. If youre using WordPress, there are themes that include a social sharing feature. But if thats not the case with your theme, youll need to pick from some of the social share plugins. These plugins make it a great deal easier for readers to share your content. Lets get to know a few of the very best social share plugins:Go to topSumoSumo  is actually a clutch of tools that goes all out to increase your sites traffic, shares or signups. The majority of the tools are free, including the Sumo Share.Though youll need to install the entire suite, you can activate only the modules that you need. The official WordPress plugin for Sumo makes setup easy, and configuration takes only a few minutes using drag and drop.  The interface for choosing display positions cant get simpler.Sumo gives you total control over the counts and display buttons across 65+ networks on a per-page basis. You can hide individual counts or display counts only over a certain number. The one feature that stands out in this plugin is the automatic reordering of the mobile friendly buttons by those that receive the most clicks.To remove Sumos own branding, youll need to purchase the premium version. That one also sets you up with analytics, so you know how and when your content gets shared. You can have different share preferences for mobiles and desktops. While Sumo is a top of the shelf product, its not a standalone plugin. It may be a fine option if you intend to combine it with the other tools in the suite to automate your sites growth.Go to topOrbit Fox CompanionOrbit Fox Companion  is a free plugin that bundles a number of modules into one compact plugin. However, theres no bloat, as you can activate just the modules you need. The sharing and reporting modules are available to all WordPress users, with support for up to 20+ networks. The remaining modules (custom menu-icons and free stock featured images) extend the features of Neve and Hestia themes. They add widgets and front page sections to your themes.Setting up the plugin is easy. From your WordPress dashboard, you can toggle the sharing options and position of the buttons. You can choose different options for mobiles and desktops, and draw on custom menu icons or stock featured images.The plugin is developer friendly, and youll receive automatic updates on your dashboard. The advantage with this plugin is that it will load only if its compatible with your existing themes and plugins. Orbit Fox Companion is an easy-to-use plugin that allows perfect control over the appear ance and location of your social share buttons.Go to topAddToAny AddToAny Share Buttons Author(s): AddToAnyCurrent Version: 1.7.39Last Updated: October 16, 2019add-to-any.1.7.39.zip 94%Ratings 11,255,958Downloads WP 3.7+Requires Another one on our list of the best social share plugins for WordPress, AddtoAny comes with a slew of features, including a universal share button. This button allows users to hover over and get the option to share across multiple platforms, including WordPress. It connects with a 100+ social sites and apps, and includes a WordPress plugin.This plugin places  simple floating social bars on either side, as well as at the top or bottom of your posts. Besides, users can take advantage of many aids such as email templates, Twitter templates, URL shortener, and more.Without any signup, login or creation of account on your part, AddToAny can display social share count. Youll be able  to change several settings with this plugin. You can adjust the sizes for social media icons, dictate the position, and decide whether or not to include social share counts and more.Go to topEasy Social Share Buttons for WordPressAnother plugin that ticks all the boxes is  Easy Social Share Buttons for WordPress (paid). It allows you to enable sharing on 45+ social networks and choose from 52 templates.Its possible to go crazy with customization with this plugin. It offers 27+ automatic display positions and 30+ eye-catching animations. With a single license at $19, its a fair bargain. It bundles a host of premium features including sharable quotes, metrics and analytics. Besides, theres A/B split testing, Facebook Comments, social profile links and more.The plugin also includes functional buttons such as buttons to like, print and email. What makes this plugin a standout is the vast range of options that it offers, all without having to use code. Many features help you set up the plugin in a way thats optimal for your website. These include differ ent plugin modes, automatic setup for mobiles, automated optimization options and the Undo Changes option.Go to topWP Social Sharing WP Social Sharing Author(s): Arjun JainCurrent Version: 2.2Last Updated: February 22, 2019wp-social-sharing.2.2.zip 94%Ratings 178,655Downloads WP 3.5+Requires Not everyone wants a fully featured plugin for social sharing. WP Social Sharing can commendably serve the needs of websites that like to go with a straightforward plugin, offering a few basic networks. Its lightweight, and uses CSS3 to create large, responsive social sharing buttons. If the device width is less than 480px, the buttons automatically convert into their respective icons. Further, the plugin integrates easily with any theme.The WP Social Sharing allows you to display buttons on any post, page, custom post type and media. The social icons can be reordered anyway you like.Which plugin is right for me?While all the best social share plugins on this list make the cut, much depe nds on the specific requirements of your website.Sumo Share offers significant functionality for a free plugin. Moreover, it orders icons by number of clicks. The flip side of Sumo Share is their branding on the free version which goes away with the most basic pro licence priced at $29 per month. If you want all the features with great control Easy Social Share Buttons for WordPress also gets the nod.But if a wide range of seemingly unrelated features isnt your thing and all you need is basic social share buttons, you can nail it with WP Social Sharing or Orbit Fox Companion particularly good if you need an efficient and straightforward plugin thats mobile friendly.Ideally, social share plugins should form a part of your overall social media strategy. Wed love to hear from you about your experience with social sharing on your website. 5 of the best #social share #plugins for #WordPress

How to Write a Bibliography For a Science Fair Project

How to Write a Bibliography For a Science Fair Project How to Write a Bibliography For a Science Fair Project When conducting a science fair project, it is important that you keep track of all the sources you use in your research. This includes books, magazines, journals, and Web sites. You will need to list these source materials in a bibliography. Bibliographic information is typically written in either Modern Language Association (MLA) or American Psychological Association (APA) format. Be sure to check with your science project instruction sheet in order to find out which method is required by your instructor. Use the format advised by your instructor. Key Takeaways Keeping track of the sources used for your research is very important when completing a science fair project bibliography.The Modern Language Association (MLA) format is one common format used for bibliographies for science fair projects.The American Psychological Association (APA) format is a second common format used for science fair project bibliographies.Both the MLA format as well as the APA format have specified formats to use for resources like books, magazines, and websites.Always make sure to use the correct format, whether MLA or APA, specified in the instructions that you receive for completing your science fair project. Heres How: MLA: Book Write the authors last name, first name and middle name or initial. End with a period.Write the title of the book in italics followed by a period.Write the place where your book was published (city) followed by a comma. The city of publication is only used when the book is published before 1900, if the publisher has offices in multiple countries or is otherwise unknown in North America.Write the publisher name followed by a comma.Write the publication date (year) followed by a period. MLA: Magazine Write the authors last name, first name followed by a period.Write the title of the article in quotation marks. End the title with a period inside the quotation marks.Write the title of the magazine in italics followed by a comma.Write the publication date (abbreviating the month) followed by a comma and the page numbers preceded by pp. and followed by a period. MLA: Website Write the authors last name, first name followed by a period.Write the name of the article or page title in quotation marks. End the title with a period inside the quotation marks.Write the title of the website in italics followed by a comma.If the name of the publisher differs from the name of the website, write the name of the sponsoring institution or publisher (if any) followed by a comma.Write the date published followed by a comma.Write the URL (website address) followed by a period. MLA Examples: Here is an example for a book Smith, John B. Science Fair Fun. Sterling Publishing Company, 1990.Here is an example for a magazine Carter, M. The Magnificent Ant. Nature, 4 Feb. 2014, pp. 10-40.Here is an example for a Web site Bailey, Regina. How to Write a Bibliography For a Science Fair Project. ThoughtCo, 8 Jun. 2019, www.thoughtco.com/write-bibliography-for-science-fair-project-4056999.Here is an example for a conversation Martin, Clara. Telephone conversation. 12 Jan. 2016. APA: Book Write the authors last name, first initial.Write the year of publication in parenthesis.Write the title of the book or source.Write the place where your source was published (city, state) followed by a colon. APA: Magazine Write the authors last name, first initial.Write the year of publication, month of publication in parenthesis.Write the title of the article.Write the title of the magazine in italics, volume, issue in parenthesis, and page numbers. APA: Web site Write the authors last name, first initial.Write the year, month, and day of publication in parenthesis.Write the title of the article.Write Retrieved from followed by the URL. APA Examples: Here is an example for a book Smith, J. (1990). Experiment Time. New York, NY: Sterling Pub. Company.Here is an example for a magazine Adams, F. (2012, May). House of the carnivorous plants. Time, 123(12), 23-34.Here is an example for a Web site Bailey, R. (2019, June 8). How to Write a Bibliography For a Science Fair Project. Retrieved from www.thoughtco.com/write-bibliography-for-science-fair-project-4056999.Here is an example for a conversation Martin, C. (2016, January 12). Personal Conversation. The bibliography formats used in this listing are based on the MLA 8th Edition and APA 6th Edition. Science Fair Projects For additional information about science fair projects, see: Scientific MethodAnimal Project IdeasHuman Body Project IdeasPlant Project Ideas Sources Purdue Writing Lab. APA Formatting and Style Guide. Purdue Writing Lab, owl.purdue.edu/owl/research_and_citation/apa_style/apa_formatting_and_style_guide/general_format.html.  Purdue Writing Lab. MLA Formatting and Style Guide. Purdue Writing Lab, owl.purdue.edu/owl/research_and_citation/mla_style/mla_formatting_and_style_guide/mla_formatting_and_style_guide.html.

Report of Desert Safary in dubai Research Paper

Report of Desert Safary in dubai - Research Paper Example 26% of the respondents visited Dubai because of its deserts; 34% respondents visited for enjoying the beaches; 25% of the respondents wanted to experience the nightlife; and the rest were curious about Dubai’s culture. 22% of the respondents rated the trip as very good; 34% of the respondents rated it to be good; 21% of the respondents took a neutral standpoint; 15% of the respondents rated the trip as bad; 8% rated the safari as very bad. 42% of the respondents booked their trip with Arabian Adventures; 22% of the respondents booked their trip with Fun Tours, 18% of the respondents booked their trip with Arabian Safari Trips; 12% chose Dubai Adventure Safari and the rest chose other tour service operators that were not mentioned in the options. Majority of the respondents (38%) liked overnight stay in the desert as the most beautiful part of the trip; 21% liked BBQ dinner arrangement; 8% liked camel rides; 12% of the respondents liked sand skiing; 10% of the respondents enjoyed weather in the desert the most; 4% of the respondents liked the wildlife and the rest enjoyed overall environment. 24% of the respondents enjoy parties organized by their friends and relatives the most; 39% respondents enjoy the nightclubs, 24% of the respondents liked the fact that they could drink without any restrictions; 9% respondents liked the sex tourism aspect in Dubai; whereas the rest provided other answers, which were not adequately relevant. Respondent 1: According to respondent 1, the choice to go for the desert safari was driven by the fact that the respondent had visited several places that had beaches. This time, the respondent wanted to experience something new, which has not been done as per respondent’s to do list. Respondent 2: As far as respondent 2 was concerned, the individual wanted to experience the overnight stay during the trip. The respondent was fascinated after hearing about BBQ dinner arrangements and belly dancing program, following the

Cloud Security and Privacy Issues Research Paper

Cloud Security and Privacy Issues - Research Paper Example The purpose of this literature review is to outline some of the important security aspects which are discussed in other researches. These days the use of cloud computing has become an attractive trend. Many organizations at the present use clouds to manage their business operations. However, there are several security issues attached with cloud computing. Cloud computing is an up-and-coming paradigm, which guarantees to make the utility computing model broadly implemented by using Virtualization technologies. Additionally, an increasing number of business organizations have begun offering and utilizing cloud-enabled architectures and services. On the other hand, the progression of cloud computing creates a number of new challenges to existing techniques and approaches to build up and change software intensive systems. In this scenario, outline a number of security issues in a cloud computing environment. These problems and issues comprise physical security, data security, middleware safety, application security and network security. However, the key goal is to effectively store and administer data that is not managed by the owner of the data. In addition, the previous researches have focused on specific areas and aspects of cloud computing. Especially, those researches have assessed such issues in a bottom-up approach to security where we are operating on little issues in the cloud computing arrangement that we hope will resolve the bigger issues and complexities of cloud security (Hamlen, Kantarcioglu, Khan, & Thuraisingham, 2010). Initially, they have shown that â€Å"how can we protect data, information and documents that can be published by a 3rd party organization. After that, they have shown that how to protect co-processors and how they can be utilized to improve security. This research lastly discussed how XACML can be established in the Hadoop atmosphere and in protected federated

What is political ideology, and why do you subscribe to it Essay

What is political ideology, and why do you subscribe to it - Essay Example e classic works of Althusser, Mannheim, Freeden and Bell are clarifying this term in terms of its connection to real practices, morphologic structure, and internal classification. So, in a given essay the definition of political ideology is stated and its internal power to influence minds in analyzed. To start with, the very appearance of ideology is caused by human nature. As Althusser (1969) assumed, the fact that human beings use their mental abilities in order to comprehend the world around them creates the very appearance of ideology. As the author summarizes it, â€Å"ideology is a ‘representation’ of the imaginary relationship of individuals to their real conditions of existence† (Althusser, 1969, p. 162). In other words, it is a specific way to imagine reality in general and political conditions in particular. Moreover, materialistic dimension is crucial for Althusser as he refers to the theory of Karl Marx in his determination of ideological thinking. In this case, ideology as a part of certain ideological state apparatus â€Å"always exists in [†¦] its practice, or practices† (Althusser, 1969, p. 162). So, each behavior in society is regulated by the way people appreciate and interpret the world around them. Consequently, their mental con structs impact the reality they live in. Finally, the continuous existence of ideological thinking evokes the fact that some people have more authority than the others. Hence, the phenomenon of ruling ideology appears. In this context, individual can be easily transformed into the agent of ideology by approving certain procedures of interpretation. Actually, each member of society has prescribed identity or â€Å"appointed as a subject in and by specific familial ideological configuration† (Althusser, 1969, p. 176). And so, the horizon of senses which is created by the human thinking on social unequal background enables the very appearance of ideology. Similarly, in the field of political struggle the way of

Racism and the Criminal Justice System

Racism and the Criminal Justice System What are the implications of Racism and Policing for the human rights of individuals in the criminal justice system? Human rights are basic rights such as freedom, fairness, equality and diversity etc. It belongs to everyone regardless of ethnicity, gender, race or religion. Human rights are protected under the Act of Human Rights 1998 to set out values and essential rights. To make sure the human right act is followed in accurate way in relation, the criminal justice system has been designed. This system contains set of practice and government institutions such as courts, police, prison and probation service, which all work together to uphold social values and human rights. However, cases like Stephen Lawrence and Mark Duggan have caused many concerns, especially regarding the police force. This is mainly because much of policing is controversial and conflictual (Newburn, 2012: 607). Therefore, this essay will highlight particularly natural right core concept, human right history, the Stephen Lawrence case, stop and search, police brutality and implication of racism on the criminal justice system. There are many core concepts that hold different views such as: natural, constructed, transformative and pragmatic. The main world view I will be focusing on is natural human rights which was influenced by John Locke who has identified three different rights which are life, liberty and property. Constructed right is the belief that rights are socially construct by society and it is a social norm to follow them. Transformative rights are concerned with cultural and social rights rather than political issues as it believes in releasing people from constraint and irrational structure that limits individuals self- development. Unlike natural right worldview, pragmatic view point discusses that there is no absolute truth and human rights do not need any philosophical theories instead human rights should be put into practice. Human right act came into force in 1998 and Human Rights have been developed since Magna Carta in 1215 as it allowed people the chance to have a trail before imprisonment. Further development took place through Bill of Rights in 1689 and throughout the years developed into Human right act 1998. The human right act allowed members of the public to enforce their rights and made it possible to breach public and it required public institutes to comply with European conventions of Human Rights (ECHR). Despite having legislation rights to equality which is a crucial concept of Human Rights is violated as black and Asian ethnic minority are not treated the same as white ethnic groups. This impacts on the government bodies of criminal justice system as equality is not promoted between police and different ethnic groups causing conflict. There have been many conflict and debates regarding contemporary policing and especially British ethnic minorities have experienced difficulties with the police or many individuals have felt that police are biased. There was an increase in controversies regarding racism after the Scarman Report in 1980 and Macpherson Report in 1999 was published. These reports outlined problems for the police and how different ethnic minority communities were treated as public members felt that their human rights were being obstructed by the police. An inquiry was announced by the home secretary- Jack straw and it was led by Sir William Macpherson. MacPherson report highlighted the figures to show that institutional racism exists and human rights are violated in Police organisation. The Lawrence case mainly highlighted that Institutional racism is about stereotyping; it is about being unwitting; it is about ignorance (Green, 2003). In the case police lacked in co-ordination and understanding once they arrived at the crime scene. A prior assumption was made by the police that it was a fight. Therefore, rather than following correct procedures to save life of Stephen, they decided to question his best friend Duwayne Brooks who was with Stephen at the time of the incident. According to Brooks Their prejudices arent just against black people, but all kinds of people. With the police its not just about race, but about class, too. (Taylor, 2014) This infers that ethnic minority communities such as black communities are over policed an d not compared to white community. As stated in the natural right theory, you have to be a human in order to lose your rights. Due to the over policed environment created by the police, Stephen Lawrence lost one of his main human rights in article 2 which states everyones right to life shall be protected by law (Participation, 1998). The police officers at the scene wrongly thought that the best thing was to leave him and allow the paramedics to take over (Macpherson, 1999:77). As a result, police did not conduct first aid as soon as arriving at the scene was one of the reason why Stephen lost his Human Rights. Right to life is the most crucial rights and, once it is breached you cannot reverse the result or resolve the violation. Article 2 of Human Right 1998 is not the only article that has been violated in the Stephen Lawrence case. According to article 14 of human right act 1998 rights and freedoms set forth in this Convention shall be secured without discrimination on any ground such as sex, race, colour, language, religion, political or other opinion. (Participation, 1998). The tension and violation of the human right article 14 had impact on the government, court and police influencing the Criminal Justice act of 2003 allowing one person to be prosecuted or trailed for the same offence twice. This was a major breakout for the case as scientific evidence was used to prove Dobson guilty for the murder. The implication of the act effected the police and the court . The legislation was created to make sure criminal trails ran effectively. The act attempts to reopen a case merely because there is a feeling, either amongst the police, or prosecutors (BBC,2006). This eventually scraped the double jeopardy rule and judges were obliged to give 30 years sentence in cases including murder or any dangerous offences hence, justice could be served as seen in case of Stephen Lawrences murder. Macpherson report has some aspect of positivism worldview as racism being one of the factors that took Stephens life which is the most basic and natural right of a human according to two treaties of the government identifies by Locke (1689). The Macpherson report written by Sir William Macpherson is considered to be one of the most reliable sources in the Stephen Lawrence case after the Scarman report on Brixton riots. The Macpherson report presents the fact that racism exists within all organisations and institutions (Macpherson, 1999: 22) hence, it violated Human Rights and impacted on the criminal justice system which led to recommendations being made. It uses mixed methods from qualitative and quantitative methods. Qualitative methods include interviews with police officers and SIO and quantitative methods include statistics such as racist incidents rose 6% in 1997/98 to 13,880 (Macpherson, 1999: 361), showing biased opinion blaming the police and the entire organisation for not conducting duties properly and using racism as one of factors affecting their job. The weakness of this source is that it was written in 1999 which means that large amount of changes have been made since then such as 40 police forces are now using the latest version of the Holmes criminal investigations and incident management system (Bicknell, 2014) to store and retain information. However, I would consider Macpherson report as reliable source as it was the first time in history where faults of the police were identified and presented to the public also, the government gave full authorisation. On the other hand, many were in support of the police officers and detectives in the case of Stephan Lawrence such as, Janet foster (2008) who published an online journal article in 2008 on police and society- an international journal of research and policy. The online article described the murder of Stephan Lawrence from the perspective of the detectives who were blamed for making assumptions and not treating the case seriously. The article suggests that the Stephen Lawrence case was treated as the organised politics of race, not the organised politics of murder (Foster,2008: 4). The public portrayed the police negatively after the MacPherson report. For instance, the article suggests that the Lawrence family hired a solicitor and it contributed to the breakdown in communications between the police and the family (Foster, 2008, p5). Therefore, the family felt that police were not listening to their requests. The article suggests that police were not able to communicate properly beca use solicitors and others were involved in the process unnecessarily. Nevertheless, this source written by Janet Foster can be considered as a reliable source as many personal interviews were conducted with detectives and police officers personally and qualitative data was collected through the interviews whereas, in the Macpherson report testimonies were presented that blamed the police officers. However, the weakness of this source is that it can be considered biased for the police service as it does not mention some of the mistakes made by the police such as the police not making arrests in the golden hour period when enough evidence could have been collected however, delay in making the arrests has led to the problems (Macpherson, 1999, p:123). Macpherson report agrees with the idea that not only black and Asian minority are more likely to be searched but also more likely to be arrested then white people. Instead of viewing black or ethnic minority groups as victim they are turned into perpetrators (Macpherson,1999, p:361). In 2011/12 1,235,028 arrests were made and individuals were categorised as 102,424 black; 37,628 mixed race; 72,443 Asian; and 17,444 Chinese or other (Soady, 2013). Figures show that black people are up to 17.5 times more likely than white people to be stopped and searched by the police (Andrews, 2015). This is a breach of the human right as many police forces misuse the powers to complete their duties. Police forces in London and Manchester have received many complaints as the public are not pleased with the police dealing with situations in the black community. According to the section 1 of Police and Criminal Evidence Act 1984 police officers are able to search a person or a vehicle for theft, weapons and etc, the search has to be conducted on reasonable grounds. However, it has been found that 27%, either no grounds had been recorded or the officer had entered a reason which would not justify a search, such as speeding (BBC, 2013). This had a critical impact on the criminal justice system because, in 2014 the home secretary appointed HMIC to examine if police use stop and search powers effectively including strip searches and if the searches are necessary and lawful. The report found that 15% of stops may have been carried out without reasonable suspicion of criminality (Dodd, 2016). As the result of police forces following correct stop and search procedures were so disappointing, it eventually led HMIC to make ten recommendations. One of the recommendations required police officers to note down individuals race and ethical background as it was found that there are no records of the stop and searches conducted by the police. Therefore, HMIC recommended to introduce a nationally agreed form for the recording of stop and search encounters (HMIC, 2015). If the police use the forms to record information, then HMIC will be able to gain sufficient evidence on if black young men are much more likely to be stopped and searched than white men (Halliday, 2015). Stop and search has had a major effect on the police service and many inspectors are speaking in the media regarding this topic. The Guardian newspaper has published many articles regarding police institution being racist. The newspaper supports left wing and the left wing of politics is known to work with social justice system. The source does not show any biased opinions because, according to newspaper police commissioner Bernard Hogan-Howe has stated that after stop and search cases and Stephan Lawrence inquiry his force had to take such accusations on the chin (Halliday, 2015). This infers that police have been portrayed very badly after serious cases occurring in the past. However, it also suggest that there is truth in regards to institutional racism and weve got to accept that( Halliday,2015). Even though many statistics are not presented but, I will consider this source as credible as qualitative methods have been used such as interviews with commissioner and president of NBP A- Janet Hill and their opinions have shown that there is lack of faith between the institute and the public. Stephen Lawrence was not the only case where public lack faith in the police as police have been blamed for institutional racism many times. After the Stephen Lawrence case, Metropolitan police are trying to reform the force and restore public trust in officers. (Halliday, 2015). However, London riots occurred in 2011 . Mark Duggan was a 29 year old black British man shot by the police in Tottenham. The police stated that officers were suspicious of Duggan having possession of a gun after he came out of a taxi however, according to evidence and witnesses Duggan was only holding a phone. Nevertheless, the killing had been lawful (Wollaston, 2016) causing a devastation for the family and the public. The shooting sparked a wave of violence across the UK (Morgan, 2014). The shooting was defined as lawful but, Duggan still lost two of his main human right, article 2 right to life and article 3 which states that No one shall be subjected to torture or to inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment. (Participation, 1998). When Duggan walked out of the minicab he was threatened by the police to put it down (Casciani, 2014). Even when Duggan had his hands up in the air as witnessed by the minicab driver he was still shot in the chest. In relation to the Human Rights Duggan suffered physically as he was shot with lethal force and mentally as he was threatened in public which is considered as inhumane under the Article 3 of human rights. Due to the violation, public were outraged and caused the worst riots in the history of Britain. To black members of the public the death of Mark Duggan symbolised the most extreme end of a spectrum of targeted, unjust and brutal treatment (Rusbridger, 2011). Therefore, it had large impact on the police as more officers w ere deployed to be on the street to stop any crimes. In conclusion, I support the natural right theory which believes that humans should be given their most basic rights such as right to life, freedom and property. The whole concept of natural rights is that laws are not constructed by the government instead it derives from nature. However, society has evolved and legislations have to be written to be considered as rights. Factors such as race should not affect the rights that every human deserves. In cases like Stephen Lawrence and Mark Duggan who were young black men were discriminated and had their natural rights such as right to life and freedom taken away from them. Reference list Andrews, K. (2015) Stop and search is a disgrace across the UK not just in our cities. Available at: https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2015/aug/07/stop-and-search-uk-rural-black-people-police (Accessed: 3 January 2017). BBC (2006) The law of double jeopardy. Available at: http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk/5333230.stm (Accessed: 22 January 2017). BBC (2013) Police use of stop-and-search powers criticised by HMIC. Available at: http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-23228019 (Accessed: 14 January 2017). Bicknell, D. (2014) Future of police HOLMES system driven by cabinet office buying influence government computing network. Available at: http://police.governmentcomputing.com/news/future-of-police-holmes-system-driven-by-cabinet-office-buying-influence-4432104 (Accessed: 23 January 2017). Casciani, D. (2014) Mark Duggan did not need to die witness. Available at: http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-25657206 (Accessed: 21 January 2017). Dodd, V. (2016) UK police forces still abusing stop and search powers. Available at: https://www.theguardian.com/law/2016/feb/11/uk-police-forces-still-abusing-stop-and-search-powers (Accessed: 22 January 2017). Foster, J. (2008) It might have been incompetent, but it wasnt racist: Murder detectives perceptions of the Lawrence Inquiry and its impact on homicide investigation in London, Policing and Society, 18(2), pp. 89-112. doi: 10.1080/10439460802008579. Green, D. (2003) Institutional racism and the police: Fact or fiction? Available at: http://www.civitas.org.uk/pdf/cs06.pdf (Accessed: 5 January 2017). Halliday, J. (2015) Met chief admits institutional racism claims have some justification. Available at: https://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2015/jun/05/met-chief-admits-institutional-racism-claims-have-some-justification (Accessed: 18 January 2017). HM Government (1999) THE STEPHEN LAWRENCE INQUIRY REPORT OF AN INQUIRY BY SIR WILLIAM MACPHERSON OF CLUNY ADVISED BY TOM COOK, THE RIGHT REVEREND DR JOHN SENTAMU, DR RICHARD STONE cm 4262-I. Available at: https://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/277111/4262.pdf (Accessed: 19 January 2017). HMIC (2015) Stop and search powers 2: Are the police using them effectively and fairly? Available at: https://www.justiceinspectorates.gov.uk/hmic/wp-content/uploads/stop-and-search-powers-2.pdf (Accessed: 22 January 2017). Human rights act1998, c. Available at: http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1998/42/schedule/1 (Accessed: 10 January 2017). Morgan, G. (2014) Mark Duggan: A single death that sparked the riots. Available at: http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/10559449/Mark-Duggan-a-single-death-that-sparked-the-riots.html (Accessed: 21 January 2017). Newburn, T. ed, 2012. Handbook of Policing. Routledge. Soady, A. (2013) Black people more likely to be arrested. Available at: http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-n 24942641 (Accessed: 19 January 2017). Taylor, D. (2014) Duwayne Brooks: Met still prejudiced but not only against black people. Available at: https://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2014/mar/08/duwayne-brooks-met-police-prejudiced-stephen-lawrence (Accessed: 6 January 2017). Rusbridger, A. (2011) Reading the riots. Available at: http://eprints.lse.ac.uk/46297/1/Reading%20the%20riots(published).pdf (Accessed: 24 January 2017). Wollaston, S. (2016) Lawful killing: Mark Duggan review tries and fails to make sense of a bleak, murky case. Available at: https://www.theguardian.com/tv-and-radio/2016/dec/06/lawful-killing-mark-duggan-review-bleak-murky-case-docudrama-community-police-broadwater-farm-riot (Accessed: 19 January 2017).

Acid Rain :: Environmental Fossil Fuels Essays

Acid Rain Fossil fuels are a major part of our society today. With the start of the Industrial Revolution, fossil fuels became a very vital source in our day to day lives. Without fossil fuels our lives would be difficult-we would not be able to have cars, electricity, heat, and many other objects we use on a daily basis. Although fossil fuels are beneficial to us, fossil fuels possess a negative side effect. Fossil fuels have contributed to many environmental concerns. One of the most hazardous concerns caused by fossil fuels is acid rain. Until taking EGEE 101, I was unaware of this concern and did not know the harmful damages that acid rain causes. Therefore, I wanted to understand more about acid rain and know exactly what it is and where it comes from. Acid rain is considered precipitation in the form of rain, snow, or fog. It is not regular precipitation though; it is precipitation that is polluted by acid. Emissions of sulfur dioxide (SOx) and nitrogen oxide (NOx) into the atmosphere cause this precipitation to become acidic. These emissions are released into the atmosphere by human activity, such as automobiles, industries, and electrical power plants that burn fossil fuels like coal and oil. When these gases are released, they mix with water vapor in the clouds and form sulfuric and nitric acids (Acid Rain Encyclopedia Britannica 2005). When sulfuric and nitric acids are released into the atmosphere, they travel long distances by winds before falling back to earth as acid precipitation. This causes a problem when the environment cannot neutralize the acid in such large amounts (Acid Rain and The Facts 2005). An acid is a substance distinguished by its ability to react with a base (Acid Rain and The Facts 2005). Therefore this form of precipitation is named acid rain is because it has a high acidity according to the pH scale. The pH scale is a system of measurement to measure â€Å"the amount of acid in a liquid-like water.† Acids release hydrogen ions, and the acid content of a solution is based on the concentration of hydrogen ions and therefore shown as pH (Acid Rain Encyclopedia Britannica 2005).

Milgram experiment Essay

The infamous â€Å"Milgram experiment† on obedience, done in 1963, is, perhaps, the most commonly known of all psychological experiments. It gained its infamy for its use of subjects who did not know they were being tested. Since the experiment dealt with a highly stressful situation – the necessity to inflict pain at command – upon the publishing of its result, it raised a wave of debate on whether such an experiment is acceptable ethically. Nonetheless, the experiment produced interesting and controversial results – at the very least in the fact that it utterly disproved the claims of most psychologists. The psychologists had argued that only a tiny, sadistic percent of the population would be able to commonly inflict pain on command, simply obeying orders. The experiment clearly showed that 65 percent would obey authority if required, giving an alternative explanation to the phenomenon of concentration camps. Rather than sadism, the experiment shows, most people are simply obedient when the appropriate stress factors are applied. This experiment, naturally, had a variety of interesting consequences, both for psychology and the study of the later social reaction to the experiment itself. The †legend† told to the participants of the experiment was that the scientists were studying the effect of punishment on learning. The subject had to deliver an electric shock when an actor who was playing the role of the learner answered a question incorrectly. Naturally, no real shocks were given. As time passed, the subject was ordered to give progressively â€Å"stronger† punishment shocks. Most of the subjects eventually delivered what they thought were high-intensity, potentially lethal shocks in spite of serious distress on the part of the person who was playing the role of the learner. The result also gave interesting variations: many more people stopped earlier when the main scientist was not present in the room and gave his orders by voice, without the use of facial expression; when two experimenters who gave conflicting orders were present, the subject halted the instant conflicts in authority began; when another â€Å"teacher† was present, and started protesting, most joined into the protest; and, finally, if the test subject was not ordered to inflict the pain, but merely to read the words, 37 out of 40 people assumed an instrumental role, and passively watched the scientist inflict pain (Milgram, 1963). As the Milgram experiment clearly demonstrates, most people will react positively to having authority taken from them. After giving consent, most will protest weakly, passively. The test subject known as Prozi, for instance, voiced his complaints, but at being told firmly that the experiment was a necessity, continued to go on (Milgram, 1963). Despite the fact that, once explained what the experiment was, many people experienced regret, still, quite a few people trusted authority. One of the reasons not commonly noted is the effect of specialization of labor. In American society, where one goes to a specialist for every single bit of work that requires even a small bit of knowledge above the general level, it becomes almost a reflex to trust specialists. This is because most people are largely ignorant of their surroundings, and this feel assertive only within their sphere of competence. When encountering something beyond it, very few people will initially attempt to experiment. Most will try to find â€Å"an expert†, someone who is knowledgeable about a certain phenomenon or circumstance. Moral imperatives only truly come into play when a person has to make a choice without outside pressure. However, when pressured by someone who supposedly knows better, not too many question authority. This is a case of personal morality versus the trust in the experimenter’s morality: most people assume the better of the experimenter, and deduct that, without a necessity, the experiment would not be conducted. It is also interesting to note that when experimenters were in conflict, the test subject stops immediately. This reaction to divided authority also confirms the thesis given above. However, the stronger the emphasis on necessity and responsibility – both qualities enforced culturally as necessary for survival within society – the subjects become much more submissive. This may be interpreted as the fact that most people have a different real moral code than the one they announce. As Milgram duly notes, only the illusion of necessity was created. The subjects were not threatened, nor were they explicitly told they would be punished, and thus, the choice was much easier than under any explicit threat. The stress factor is the most common reason this experiment is criticized as â€Å"inhumane†, and even â€Å"torture†. Specifically, the scientist Diana Baumrind raised the ethical points of the study to public concern. She spoke of the experiment as being emotionally distressing, destructive to the self-image of the subject once he realizes the true cruelty of his actions, and the fact that the study creates a distrust of authority (Baumrind, 1964). Out of these three points of rebuttal, none are legitimate. The experiment was emotionally distressing, true, and yet 84 percent of the subjects said that they were glad they had participated after the experiment. Indeed, for a great many of them it was equivocal to an awakening as to the things they were able to do, a reason to reconsider their own behavior. The second point is also true only in a certain way. The experiment was destructive to the self-image of these people, but in a positive way. It removed a number of illusions and taught lessons. This debunking is how a human being learns how to deal with perpetual dissuasions about his own validity, and most well-adapted humans should accept this as yet another such case – as the exit survey by Milgram demonstrates rather clearly. Her third point is that belief in authority would be undermined. Once more, the debriefing only reinforces this belief. Despite what seemed to be, initially, a situation in which authority is undermined, once the test subject is informed of what has happened, he is once more reassured that the experiment has done no real and lasting harm. In short, the experiment only reinforces the authority of the scientifical community and its concern with the good of mankind, which is not created at the expense of its certain members. Thus, we can see rather clearly that ethically this experiment was flawless. . Still, if flawless ethically, the question arises of whether the experiment is so flawless methodologically. Ian Parker, in his article â€Å"Obedience† raises the question of whether the experiment was not so easily debunked by the test subjects. Some interviews with those who participated also show that many had suspicions, and a certain amount even said that the experiment was a fraud from the beginning and they knew it. Parker thus argues that the results are flawed: the whole point of deceiving the test subjects is gone when they understand that the experiment is only a test (Parker, 2000). However, this assumption is also rather faulty. What Parker seemingly fails to take into account is that the subjects enter a situation of uncertainty. As the interviews show, even when the subjects expressed guesses towards being tested, the actors continued the game. If their suspicions had been confirmed immediately, Parker’s argument would have made sense. But in this manner, they are put into a situation, where it suddenly becomes irrelevant whether this is an experiment of some kind or not. One simply does not know whether it is real or a game. In any case, those who would accept the situation as possibly real, are, once more, faced with the consequences of a dire moral dilemma. And I would also surmise that most people with at least average courage would assume the reality of such an experiment, if only out of fear of the consequences if it somehow turns out to be real. Even outright disbelief will not necessarily destroy the experience of doubting whether one is included in this experiment or not. Thus, Parker’s criticism is also irrelevant to the bulk of the data in question. Thus we can see how Milgram’s experiment effectively demonstrates the mechanisms and reasons for obedience. Milgram shows the extent to which the human mind is much like an animal’s, and how easily it can be conditioned, and also how cultural conditions add to the basic instinct of obeying someone with higher social status. The experiment is rather educational in demonstrating how much the average human examines his own behavior and learns of how he will behave in a particular situation, and how such examination might be crucial to making life-and-death choices. It is not cruel – in effect, it could have been made much harsher by invoking even further uncertainty and examining the subjects’ long-term reactions to their own behavior. Yet most of the post-effects have been beneficial without any significant damage to the participants. And not ineffective – in fact, the data gathered could be useful for an even further analysis on the effect of uncertainty on the psyche. To conclude: this is one of the more interesting, beneficial and effective experiments done in psychology, and it gives us an insight into the human mind that should not be ignored or derailed for false reasons.

Narrative structure of memento essays

Narrative structure of memento essays Someone trying to find out who killed someone close to them. Lots of possiblites of who it might actually be. Hard to follow as story is shown in different parts, for example the ending might be at the begging of the film, and we are shown how everything links to what happens. Possibly a simple story line but chosen to be viewed in a difficult narrative structure. As the audience would be watching this at the cinema, they have 100% focus on the film so that they can work out whats going on. There is not a lot of action in this film as that tends to distract the viewer and they lose focus on the plot. The film does have a classic narrative structure but is not shown in the usual way of beginning, middle then end, instead it reverses it and it become the end, middle and finally the beggining. This adds to the pleasure of the audience as they have to work out what is going on and they feel success when they work out what is going on. The way the film is shown is exactly how the main character will remember it as he suffers from no short term memory, this makes the audience sympathise with the main character. Also the significant object which is the Polaroids that he takes everywhere with him. This is how the film is shown, it may help to read this from bottom to top as thats how the srotyline actually is. LA, the present. Since the rape and murder of his wife, former insurance investigator Leonard Shelby (Guy Pearce) has no short-term memory. Having vowed to seek out and kill his wife's murderer whose initials he knows to be "JG" and whose car-registration number he has tattooed on his body, he writes notes and takes Polaroids to remind him how the investigation is progressing. The story unfolds in reverse chron ...

EPS accuracy 4 Essay

EPS accuracy 4 Essay EPS accuracy 4 Essay Role: Controller A. Adjust Reserve for Losses As the controller of the company I would adjust the reserve for losses based on the historical flexibility allowed in this line item. Management has been responsible for setting the reserve balance and if adjustments are justifiable and reasonable the corrections should be made. If this balance was historically adjusted to adapt to the new operating environment, the reserve should continue to be adjusted as the firm continues to operate Use of Longer Depreciable Lives Extending the life of the depreciated asset would be beneficial to the financial statements and would provide better information to investors. Providing more accurate deprecation rates to account for the economic useful life of the asset is more important that decreasing net income for the tax benefits. It is more ethical to accurately portray the deprecation of the asset to match the revenue generating portion of the assets life. Adoption of Straight-Line Depreciation While this may be a change from historical accounting practices for the firm, it may be one of the costs of going public. When the competition has predictable stable depreciation rates, it makes it easier for analysts to understand and project financial statements on a forward looking basis. This would provide Hutchins Clothiers Inc. the opportunity to be compared with industry peers on a standardized basis and without the accounting bias that may have deflated the earnings numbers for Hutchins. However, it would be of importance to the investors to have the accounting change disclosed. Increase Expected Return on Pension Plan Assets I would not increase the eps based on earnings projections on accretion of pension plan assets. This is not a part of the daily operations of the company and to have such a large increase in EPS based on expected returns is a violation of management’s commitment to provide accurate information. This would falsely portray the firm to have a better quarter without any true numbers to facilitate sustainable growth. It would also force management to continue with the projected returns for years to come otherwise forcing a drop in EPS in subsequent quarters. Deferral of Maintenance The deferral of maintenance would be an action that I support in the move to going public. This maintenance cost does not drastically change the operations of the company as it is part of it. While the maintenance was originally scheduled for Q4 of 2013, the majority of the benefits from maintenance would most likely be enjoyed throughout the operating period of 2014. Additionally, if the deferral of 1 month of maintenance does not have a material effect on the operating ability of the company there is no reason why we would not be able to wait until 2014. It is important to match the expenses to the period where the benefits are to be derived Deferral of Advertising The delay in advertising coincides with very similar mentality of differing the maintenance costs. The majority of the benefits are to be derived in 2014 and through the matching principle, expenses should be tied to the period in which revenues are generated. This provides an accurate depiction of the margins as well as providing accurate and improved EPS for 2013. However, this advertising campaign should be mentioned in the notes to financial statements or in the management’s discussion and analysis. This is

Environment and Economic Geography Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Environment and Economic Geography - Essay Example In the twenty first-century most of the national and international issues are governed by environmental challenges which require thorough understanding of the economics of environment. This century will be an era of many losses, remarkable changes and cosmologic differences, but it is conceivable that societies will successfully make the transition from goals of economic growth, as already experienced in the twentieth century, to the goals of maintaining and increasing suitable well being. The influence of the environment on economic geography was found neglected and remained untouched until Paul Krugman re-established the field by publishing his short monograph " Geography and Trade" in 1991. He showed how mathematical tools known from modern models of international trade theory can be used to explain the distribution of economic activity in geographical space. Aspects of environment on which we depend (most often soil, water and atmosphere) become damaged, polluted (poisoned) and depleted. Modern intensive agriculture changes the composition and ecology of soil and water systems, as well as affecting nitrogen and carbon cycle in the environment. The changing environmental phenomenon creates new vistas for developmental and constructive mechanisms on one side and restricts the human economic activity on another. Thereby the environmental carrying capacity is being influenced. The changes in the environmental parameters may be either beneficial or detrimental to the present and future ecological world and economic scenario, which can very well be categorized in two distinct forms. The planet earth which is unique for presence of life in our solar system is directly and indirectly getting influenced by the supremacy of the most evolutionary-creature called "Man" i.e. Homo sapiens and the equlibria that had existed since inception, are now getting imbalanced due to exploitative activities of human beings. Unrestricted use of fossil fuels, injudicious application of pesticides and chemical fertilizers, rampant deforestation, rapid industrialization, ever growing global population and radioactive warfare have many reasons for changing the wave length of this living earth from green to red in the visual spectrum. a) Carbon Dioxide Concentration and Global worming: The concentration of carbon dioxide is increasing at geometric progression primarily because of the dependency on the non-renewable form of bio-fuels as more than 80 percent of the global energy demand is met from this source and secondarily due to the exhalation of the animal kingdom. The effect of which is remarkable from the increase in the mean global temperature, which we designated as global worming. The increase in carbon dioxide concentration in one hand will definitely help in better photosynthesis resulting in increased assimilation but in other hand, increased concentration leads to acid rains, which restrict crop growth and severely affect the final yield. Instances of total extinction of established forests have also been observed due to acid rain. The emission of sulphur dioxide has also increased alarmingly in industrialized nations and particularly in North America and Europe. The result of which

Obama Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Obama - Essay Example In the US state of Ohio, there was great resonance between President Barack Obama’s arguments and those of the voters regarding the economic woes that America has experienced in the recent years as a result of the Bush government (â€Å"Fox News Exit†). On the national level, President Barack Obama’s campaign played a very important role opposing the supposed war on women by Romney. This gained President Barack Obama heavy support of the female voters whereas Mitt Romney gained no more than a point from the 2008 performance of John McCain. In addition to that, President Barack Obama also approved of the gay marriages in America understanding the fact that gays are growing in population in America. This gained him the support of the gay community as well and has contributed to his presidency for the second time. I personally think that President Barack Obama won the re-election fundamentally because he is black by ethnicity. The blacks in America have grown in population over the years and they see President Barack Obama as their own representative in such a prestigious institution as the government. Equality of races in America has been a growing concern since the end of slavery, but since then, the blacks’ rights have been subjugated at different levels, though not as overtly and openly as they were in the time of slavery. A vast majority of the black Americans voted for President Barack Obama because they did not want to lose their representation in the most powerful seat in America. The white Americans, on the other hand, were not quite as conscious about being represented in the government as the black Americans were because the former have always been more than sufficiently represented everywhere in America. So the white Americans primarily based their decision of voting betwee n President Barack Obama and Mitt Romney on the basis of their evaluation of their individualistic strengths and weaknesses. Understandably, some white Americans did find